Rahbariyatning bayonotlari va nutqlari

OINTMENT FOR HEART WOUNDS

Much has been written about the “charming person”, the beautiful poet, the truthful historian, the skillful commander and the great ruler Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur. More than five centuries have passed, and the research on understanding this great person, reading his work and understanding him does not stop. A smart fan always wonders: “Who is Babur?” The above are just general definitions with more or less widespread qualities. It is clear that fans who have come to understand the essence of his poetry, reality, character and scientific and artistic treatises are not satisfied with the usual definitions that have been passed down from language to language. The truth is that just as difficult and rewarding as understanding Hazrat Navoi is, understanding Babur Mirza is no less a task, a laborious task, and a pleasure.

Just as Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur was a citizen of the land of dreams and sorrows, so too was the sorrow and sorrow of his compatriots and compatriots...

The irony of the matter is that in a country with such a magnificent ancient civilization as Italy, on the day of the birth of Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, the work "Boburnoma" was published in large numbers in Italian as a high-quality printing house. The book was foreword by the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev. An extremely sincere artistic essay written by the famous Italian scientist and writer Franco Cardini on the impressions of the work "Boburnoma" is included as an introduction to the book. Another significant aspect is that the book is decorated with 96 artistic miniature paintings attributed to the Babur era.

In this regard, it is worth noting that the following statement of the leader of our country was a kind of programmatic reference in the implementation of the tasks and goals set for the foreign publication:

“I believe that getting acquainted with the invaluable heritage of our great ancestor, a classical poet and encyclopedist who occupies a worthy place in our three thousand-year history, will allow the scientific and cultural community of Italy to become more closely aware of the spiritual world of the Uzbek people, the blood of great people flowing in our veins, and the positive changes that are being carried out in our country today on the path to building a New Uzbekistan.”

Federica Pastore, the translator who translated “Boburnoma” into Italian, commented on the same publication and described the work as “the first true example of an autobiographical work typical of Islamic civilization.” Perhaps because of this quality, all the performers of the work on the publication of the book approached their tasks with great responsibility and sincere intentions. That is, the desire is that “Boburnoma”, first of all, will take a place in the hearts and minds of all intelligent people as a work that reveals to the world the history, nature, life and other characteristics of the Uzbek people, brings Europe, Asia and other continents closer to our country, and turns people with different languages, religions and worldviews into friends and lovers of Uzbekistan. This goal is especially clearly understood from the thoughts of the author of the introduction, Franco Cardini. Frankly, after studying the history of our ancestors, reading various articles and treatises on tyranny and colonialism, both theoretical and practical, as well as archival sources and memoirs, I cannot recall another author who felt so embarrassed for his tyrannical ancestors as Franco Cardini, and who expressed this so clearly and openly, with such understanding and eloquence. No intellectual from the nations that invaded Africa or Asia, including Central Asia, plundered their wealth, oppressed and sold their people into slavery, and plundered the colonial lands in a barbaric and cultural way, from a scientist to a writer and poet, could have recognized and expressed the thoughts that Franco Cardini expressed with a thousand sorrows and regrets. On the contrary, they supported, covered up, and tried to justify the abominable policies of their states, and when their feelings of at least extreme humanity flared up, they were hushed up and pretended not to know. Let us take Fyodor Dostoevsky and Solzhenitsyn as our example. Vladimir Medinsky, a prominent figure in the current Russian Federation, in his book “Myths about Russia” (2013), argues that the conquest of Central Asia by the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century led not only to the end of feudal backwardness in these countries, but also to the end of slavery, which still existed, and to political, economic, and socio-economic development, citing the novel “Slaves” by Sadriddin Aini, the founder of Tajik Soviet literature.

However, the events and characters reflected in the novel "Slaves" were set in a time when Russia itself, having abolished serfdom in 1861, was still living with the scars of slavery. When such views and approaches inflame your pain and suffering, this confession by Franco Cardini acts like a balm on the wounds of the heart: “We, the “Westerners,” owe the culture of other peoples of the world an immense debt: we have invaded other people’s lands, plundered their property, and subjugated them. In this regard, it is necessary to emphasize a fact that does not require proof: we have committed more cruel acts than seizing the property of other peoples, depriving them of their freedom and life. That is, it is no secret that we have despised other nations and peoples because they think differently from us, live differently, and have treated them as “inferior.” Here is a high example of sincerity, honesty, humanity, and intelligence!

This is not nobility or kindness, or mercy. This is conscientiousness, honesty, and intelligence.

When our former "big brothers", who for almost eighty years have been leading the "world salvation" by attributing the victory over fascism in World War II to themselves alone, and today are taking this past world victory to the extreme, when the German people are embarrassed for the mistakes of that time, asking for forgiveness from all humanity, and even making material compensation for the guilty, it seems that they have reached the true essence of the concepts of humanity, conscientiousness, and intelligence.

F. Cardini continues his thoughts and says: "We have never, even close to our own, considered the values ​​​​of other peoples in science, art, and beauty. We were only interested in acquiring their material wealth."

At this point, some scenes from the famous novel "Kutlug' khon" by our famous writer Oybek come to mind that the reader does not pay much attention to: In a restaurant in the new part of the city that Tsarist Russia built to house its tyrannical courts after occupying Tashkent, three Uzbeks, Mirzakarimboy's younger son Salimboyvachcha, cotton worker Jamolboy, and the young man Abdishukur, are busy with their lives. While his companions are enjoying themselves with drinks and prostitutes, Abdishukur overhears the conversation of "two Russians sitting in the next chair."

"One of them is an older man, either a bureaucrat, a big merchant, or both at the same time... The other is a middle-aged man, wearing glasses and very smartly dressed. Abdishukur likened him to an engineer.

“The Sarts are, of course, racially inferior,” the official said, cutting the meat on his plate with a knife. “They are completely incapable of culture. A professor recently proved this claim very well in a scientific society. You know, I have been living in this hot country for twenty years. I have studied the psychology of the Sarts well. They are racially inferior. But despite this, they show some features that science has not yet been able to explain. According to my observations, for example, they have a very developed artistic sense. They love flowers. Even though their clothes are ugly, they wear flowers in their ears. They are very fond of singing and playing...

They take a plate or a tray in their hands and shout. You and I would run away from this for ten miles... But they bow their heads and listen in absolute silence. They also have several musical instruments. Very primitive. They also have a stupid habit: they sit with their legs crossed on the floor. This is a great pain for us. It is a pleasure for them! Whether they are rich or poor, the “sart” will always have one bowl in their house. If they do two, it is considered a great sin to break the habit!..”

Now let’s compare: how different is the modern figure we mentioned above, a high-ranking official who headed the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation for several years - a bureaucrat according to the old understanding - from the Petersburg bureaucrat who lived in Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries “for twenty years in a hot country” and repeatedly emphasized the “racial inferiority” of the local people.

If we ask further, is our contemporary, a "glorious figure", a descendant of Viktor Yulianovich Medinsky, who was the head (nachalnik) of the city of Tashkent during the years of the Tsarist Russia in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, then the nachalnik of Margilan uyezd, assistant to the military governor of the Fergana region, later first assistant to the military governor of the Samarkand region, then the military governor of the Samarkand region, and who served in Turkestan for almost fifty years, rising from a simple ensign to the rank of lieutenant general?! By the way, if we take into account that General Medinsky's son, Colonel Konstantin Viktorovich Medinsky, was the military nachalnik of the Kokand uyezd for a long time, it becomes clear how much the Medinsky dynasty contributed to the subjugation of Central Asia to the Russian Empire. Yes, by the way, it's a story that the people of Fergana still tell with fear.

When the city of New Fergana (in the vernacular Iskobil, i.e. the former Skobelov, named after the fierce conqueror and Russian general), was being built, plane tree saplings were planted on the central street as an avenue. (This avenue is still preserved with its hundred and fifty-year-old plane trees). It is said that a young boy, a boy, plucked one of these saplings, made a wooden horse and played with it. Seeing this, the assistant military governor of the region, Medinsky, ordered the baby to be hanged in front of all the residents to set an example for others... This is a terrible story that has been passed from mouth to mouth by the people. Perhaps Medinsky's involvement in this incident is not a proven fact. But the fact that such a terrible event occurred is a real fact, and the Tsarist tyrannical regime made this reality happen. And the Medinsky dynasty served this system faithfully for more than half a century...

It may seem to the dear reader that the thought has strayed from the main topic. But the fact is that Franco Cardini's painful confessions and, in a sense, sincere apologies for the past deeds of his ancestors, are now, no wonder, calling "certain officials" to a sound mind and sober thinking. Indeed, it is these, truly intelligent people who must draw objective conclusions from the past. In this sense, Franco Cardini's introduction to the "Boburnoma" seems to have given a very reasonable rebuke not only to Italian, but also to world scientists: "We even invented the false concept of "peoples without history" in order to quickly hide our crimes and justify ourselves. However, the wealth we forcibly took from these nations was actually only a superficial, external part of their real, genuine and extremely incalculable treasures!”

Similarly, no matter how much Russian scientists who studied the history, ethnography, literature and language of the peoples of Central Asia under the name of orientalists seem to have contributed to the development of our national science, it is an undeniable fact that they came to our country primarily with the goal of missionary work - to convert Muslims to the Orthodox religion and assimilate them into Russia. That is why the local intellectuals who fell into their trap and served their people “in reverse” ended their lives with regret and regret. The painful fate of the enlighteners Sattorkhon Abdug'afforov, Zakirjon Furkat is proof of our words. “N.P. Ostroumov, G.V. Andreyev, V.V. Missionary scientists, artists, and researchers such as Vereshchagin, E.K. Meyendorff, V.V. Radlov, N.I. Veselovsky, N.N. Ilminsky, G.S. Sablukov, etc., mastered rare manuscript sources created by the indigenous peoples of Central Asia over thousands of years. These sources later became the property of the Hermitage, the magnificent museums and libraries of St. Petersburg.

According to Franco Cardini, if they had later appreciated the spiritual wealth acquired from these other peoples, studied them not with the spirit, imagination, and skills of colonialism, but with an objective intention, and approached them without considering their science superior to theirs, then the peoples of Europe, Asia, and Africa could have lived together in brotherhood, that is, without any Islamophobia, terrorism, radicalism, or extremism. The world would be peaceful, the sky would be clear, and people's hearts would be free from fear and uncertainty about tomorrow. The conclusion of the Italian scholar, who looked at the power and splendor of India during the Mughal dynasty, studied it from the inside, and came to a deeper understanding of it, is noteworthy and significant in every way.

“...We see, looking at the beauty of the cities, palaces and gardens (during the Mughal era - Sh.R), another Renaissance, equal to the achievements of the Renaissance, created at the peak of our cultural development, and in some places "exceeding" them. We can only say, for our own comfort, that these people could also teach us anger, cruelty, greed and cunning.” From the point of view of historical justice, Babur is also a conqueror who went to India with the intention of conquering it and conquered it with military skill. As a bright representative of the Timurid era, that is, the second Renaissance, which took place in his homeland - Transoxiana, he brought the breath of socio-cultural Renaissance into the lives of the peoples of Afghanistan and India. He did not interfere with the language, religion, and lifestyle of the local people. On the contrary, he created conditions for their development and set a high example of tolerance that no other conqueror had done before him.

Later, Jawaharlal Neruda, a great political leader of the Indian people, described him as “Babur was a charming person, a typical ruler of the Renaissance, a brave and enterprising man. He loved art, literature, and enjoyed life.

His grandson Akbar was also a brave and courageous man, a man of many virtues, a man of great talent, a man of great courage Italian scholar Franco Cardini, speaking of the historical truth in this matter, gives a unique lesson to our Babur scholars: “Before retreating to the South - to mountainous Kabul - between 1511 and 1512, Babur managed to capture several cities that once belonged to the state of Amir Temur (i.e. his grandfather - Sh.R).

From here, the way to India was opened for him: it was here that the princes of the Lodi dynasty of Lahore and the alliance of Indian Rajputs encouraged him to conquer this peninsula, which was rich in natural resources.”

You see, a great ruler who had built such a magnificent Empire could not find peace and tranquility that would please him in a country like India. As F. Cardini noted, India “did not suit” Babur. All the details of this situation are expressed with extraordinary truthfulness and eloquence in the "Baburnoma". That is why the Italian scholar, evaluating the work, comes to the following conclusion:

"This is not only a diary, travelogue, memoir, autobiography, chronicle of historical value, but this magnificent work also clearly demonstrates the scientific and artistic potential of the author, who refutes the false and lofty literary styles of the ruler of his time. There is no doubt that a European reader who decides to read "Baburnoma" will not be able to resist it."
Dear reader! I think it is better to admit one truth, that rather than talking about the work "Boburnoma", which was published in Italian, I was moved by the human and scientific courage of the prominent Italian scientist and writer Franco Cardini, who wrote the introduction to this work and its author, and expressed my thoughts and views, turning them into passions. After all, as we noted above, having seen and read various sources about the atrocities of tyranny, I had not found a single line that expressed such impartiality and embarrassment for one's ancestors. In my opinion, it would be a good morning if the Italian reader, reading the "Boburnoma" in his native language, also read the introduction of F. Cardini, who calls on the Italian reader to take a sober and careful look at his past, and was somewhat spiritually cleansed! Such works, which the Italians themselves discovered, are an amazing experience - a sense of catharsis and spiritual purification, should become an example for scientists and researchers around the world. Only then can we hope that a new intelligent generation will mature, who will understand the essence of the ancient concepts of unity, brotherhood, and universal community.

Shukhrat RIZAYEV,

Honored Youth Coach of Uzbekistan, Professor.